Long-range-enhanced surface codes

The surface code is a quantum error-correcting code for one logical qubit, protected by spatially localized parity checks in two dimensions. Due to fundamental constraints from spatial locality, storing more logical qubits requires either sacrificing the robustness of the surface code against errors or increasing the number of physical qubits. We bound the minimal number of spatially non-local parity checks necessary to add logical qubits to a surface code while maintaining, or improving, robustness to errors. We asymptotically saturate this bound using a family of hypergraph product codes, interpolating between the surface code and constant-rate low-density parity-check codes. Fault-tolerant protocols for logical operations generalize naturally to these longer-range codes, based on those from ordinary surface codes. We provide near-term practical implementations of this code for hardware based on trapped ions or neutral atoms in mobile optical tweezers. Long-range-enhanced surface codes outperform conventional surface codes using hundreds of physical qubits, and represent a practical strategy to enhance the robustness of logical qubits to errors in near-term devices.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures; v2 changes: fixed typos and added citation

Sport, attività fisica, disabilità in età evolutiva: una systematic review

Sport and physical activity in general, are important factors in promoting health for all subjects in developmental age; they play an even more decisive role for pupils with disabilities. The study aims to investigate issues regarding the participation of people with disabilities, in the period of pre-adolescence and adolescence, in school and extracurricular sports activities, comparing the declared activity with the recommendations issued in 2010 by the World Health Organization (WHO); it recommends that children and youth spend a minimum of 60 min each day in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. The studies analyzed have examined both the elements that act as barriers to active involvement, and the predisposing or facilitating factors, which operate in the sense of encouraging participation in activities, living the movement in an inclusive perspective.L’attività fisica è un importante fattore di promozione della salute per tutti i soggetti in età evolutiva; riveste un ruolo ancor più determinante per preadolescenti e adolescenti con disabilità. Lo studio si propone di indagare le tematiche circa la partecipazione di soggetti con disabilità, nel periodo dell’adolescenza o della preadolescenza, alle attività sportive scolastiche ed extrascolastiche, confrontando l’attività dichiarata con le raccomandazioni emanate nel 2010 dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (WHO) sulla partecipazione giornaliera ad almeno 60 minuti di attività fisica, ad un’intensità compresa tra il livello moderato e intenso. Gli studi analizzati hanno preso in esame sia i fattori predisponenti o facilitatori, che operano nel senso di incentivare la partecipazione alle attività, sia gli elementi che fungono da barriere alla partecipazione alle stesse

Sport, attività fisica, disabilità in età evolutiva: una systematic review

Sport and physical activity in general, are important factors in promoting health for all subjects in developmental age; they play an even more decisive role for pupils with disabilities. The study aims to investigate issues regarding the participation of people with disabilities, in the period of pre‐adolescence and adolescence, in school and extracurricular sports activities, comparing the declared activity with the recommendations issued in 2010 by the World Health Organization (WHO); it recommends that children and youth spend a minimum of 60 min each day in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. The studies analyzed have examined both the elements that act as barriers to active involvement, and the predisposing or facilitating factors, which operate in the sense of encouraging participation in activities, living the movement in an inclusive perspective

Metabolic and cardiovascular response to exercise in patients with type 1 diabetes

Physical activity is an effective therapeutic tool for cardiovascular risk prevention. However, exercise aerobic capacity of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) has not been thoroughly investigated. Aim of the present study is to evaluate exercise aerobic capacity in patients with T1DM compared to a normal control population

Genetic testing for tetralogy of Fallot

Abstract Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) combines congenital cardiac defects including ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, an overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. Clinical manifestation of this defect depends on the direction and volume of shunting of blood through the ventricular septal defect and the associated right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures. ToF accounts for 3-5% of congenital heart defects or 0.28 cases every 1000 live births. ToF has autosomal dominant inheritance. This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials

Genetic testing for pulmonary stenosis

Abstract Pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a congenital pulmonary valve malformation. It can be classified as valvular, subvalvular or supravalvular. Isolated forms of PS are rare. PS is associated with the development of massive pulmonary arterial dilatation. Patients with PS have a high consanguinity rate and the disorder is highly familial, which is why knowing the genetic aetiology of this defect is important. Prevalence is estimated at about 4/10,000 live births, and incidence at about 10% of all children with congenital heart defects. PS has prevalently autosomal dominant and rarely autosomal recessive inheritance. This Utility Gene Test was developed on the basis of an analysis of the literature and existing diagnostic protocols. It is useful for confirming diagnosis, as well as for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials